Microstructure versus topography: the impact of crystallographic substrate modification during ultrashort pulsed direct laser interference patterning on the antibacterial properties of Cu

Introduction: Topographic surface patterning in the micro- and nanometer scale has evolved into a well applied approach in surface functionalization following biomimetic blueprints from nature.Depending on the production process an additional impact of process-related substrate modification has to be considered in functional surface optimization.Th

read more

Integrative analysis of functional genomic annotations and sequencing data to identify rare causal variants via hierarchical modeling

Identifying the small number of rare causal variants contributing to disease has beena major focus of investigation in recent years, but represents a formidable statisticalchallenge due to the rare frequencies with which these variants are observed.In thiscommentary we draw attention to a STRAIGHTENING BALM formal statistical framework, namely hier

read more